57,910,000 kmPlanet's diameter
4.880 kmThe period of rotation of astronomical 58.6 on the same day
Mercury is the closest planet to the sun, the solar system, and the second-smallest planet in the system, a diameter 40% smaller than Earth and 40% larger than the moon, Hoasgr of Jupiter's moon Ganymede and Saturn's moon Titan.
Date of Mercury are similar to Earth's history, since about 4.5 billion years ago is when the planet formed the planets of the solar nebula by the theories of the group. Have passed the group a period of bombardment great, and in the early and through a planet marked the heart of a metal thick and rind of silicate, and after a bombardment great poured lava over the land of the planet and covered the cortex of old, and during this time, gathered the debris of rocks and stones on the planet and entered a new phase where the settled When the crust subsided ejaculation.
During this period, drilling and formed the plains and became Mercury's coldest and shrinking his heart and went out of the lava crust cracks and formed streams and slopes and rocky outcrops.
During the third phase of lava flowed through the ground soft, low plains of the problem, and during the fourth stage formed a small meteorites from the surface of dust and some of the meteorites that hit the surface of the planet formed after the drilling of a shiny new look to the observer.
Apart from some meteorites that sometimes fall on the planet, the surface and remained inactive for millions of years and will remain so as we can.
Mercury that the world is like the moon, full of holes, depressions and has a giant, and many of the lava. Drilling range in size from 100 meters to 1300 kilometers. The largest crater on Mercury is the basin Kaloris (Caloris) have been identified by Hartmann and Kuibir (1962) In the opinion of scientists that any hole larger than 200 km in diameter are the basin.
The basin Kaloris and of 1300 kilometers in diameter, likely was caused by a meteorite of more than 100 kilometers in size hit the planet and the result of this collision smooth mountain, up three kilometers and extrusion components surface distance of 600 to 800 kilometers across the planet, tsunamis that followed the crash were stationed in the side other side of the planet's land area and produced randomly. After the hole was filled in part because of the lava flow.
Mercury is known for great curved cliffs or slopes fragmented, which was formed when cold and shrank a few kilometers in size, this contraction produced a wrinkled crust Banhaddarat severe form of kilometers in height and hundreds of kilometers in length.
Most of the planet's surface is covered with plains, much of it is Oppe had dug deep pits and some of them less severe, scientists have classified these plains are full of holes, and Xhol smooth plains. Plains are full of holes by drilling less than 15 miles in diameter. These plains may be possible that they were formed from an ancient lava flow configuration. Either the soft plains they are newly formed with a little digging, such as the plain which is located on the basin Kaloris. Observed in some patches streams of lava soft fill those holes.
As it seems that Mercury can not be supported by the presence of water in which the presence of an atmosphere very light Odhu scorching heat throughout the day, but in 1991 picked scientists radio waves and found the glitter of the North Pole of the planet, can be interpreted as snow on or within its surface, but You will probably be snow on Mercury with this proximity to the sun?.
But because the planet's rotation perpendicular to the orbit, the Arctic facing the sun is always behind the horizon, and are not deep drilling of the sun and heat, so scientists believe that the temperature in that region will always be less than -161 degrees Celsius, the class has been able to capture vapor the water flow of the planet, or that the snow has come to the planet by meteorites and comets. This ice, which was held or collected could have been covered with layers of dirt and still gives a brilliant reflection of this examination alaykum irrigation.
It is noted that the sun appears twice and a half time larger than the earth and the sky is always black because the planet has virtually no atmosphere cause scattering of light. When considering him to the sky will see the Star Satatan, one color is the flower color and other land Balzarkh.
Known for Mercury to be of high density (density of Mercury 5.5 g / cm 3 and the earth, only 4.0 g / cm 3. This high density indicates that the planet 70 to 60 percent are the weight of metal, and 30 percent of the weight is a silicate. This gives the indication that the heart of the center is 75 % of the radius of the planet and the size of the center 42% of the volume of the planet.
During the 1880 Giovanni Schiaparelli drawing drawing shows a few features for Mercury. Has determined that Mercury must be close to a lot of sun, generally face fixed, as the moon is close to the ground and generally face fixed. In 1962 and by the radio astronomy scan radio astronomers Alahaaouat of Mercury and determined that the dark side of the planet too warm to be generally fixed to the sun. It was expected to be much colder if it always away from the sun. In 1965 and identified Petangel Dis Pettengill and Dyce planet's rotation period of 59 days they are relying on radar observatories. Then, in 1971 corrected Goldstein rotation period to be 58.65 days using the radar telescope. After close observation by the Mariner 10 corrected the period to be 58.646 days, though generally that the planet faces the sun constant, the period of rotation will be doubled to her term tropics. Going on the planet and one and a half times during each orbit. Due to this reason 3:2, the day on Mercury (sunrise to sunrise again) 176 Earth days, it is possible that the period of rotation of Mercury was the fastest in the distant past, scientists believe that the rotation was about 8 hours, but during millions of years taking into slowdown, the solar tide of emotion.
Has been little information available on this planet, even a trip Mariner 10, because of the difficulty in the observation by ground telescopes, because of its orbit around the sun this can be seen during daylight hours or just before sunrise or after sunset.
Most scientific discoveries about Mercury comes from Mariner 10, which was launched in November 1973. And reached the planet in March 1974 and the estimated distance of 705 kilometers of its surface. In September 1974 passed the Mercury for the second time in March 1975 for the third time.
During these visits, and by 2700 had taken a picture and covers 45% of the surface of Mercury. Up until this time, scientists have been skeptical about the existence of a magnetic field of the planet because the planet is small, and has a solid position for a long time. And observing it discovered the presence of a magnetic field and Achirehma discovery that the planet has a heart of iron, which is fluid at least in part, is well known that magnetic fields are generated from the rotation center of fluid known as the impact of the generator.
Mariner 10 discovered that the planet has a magnetic field strength of 1%, such as land. This field is inclined 7 degrees magnet to the axis of rotation produces a magnetic field around the planet, but the source of this magnetic field is still unknown. May result from the iron core in the fluid inside the planet. Or maybe the rest of the magnetic iron rocks that may Magntt previously when he was Planet has a strong magnetic field during its early years and the cold of the planet and the heart of his position, but the rest of the magnetometer has been booked inside.
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