Information From the sun

Solar System - The Sun



Sun's closest star to earth and belongs to the genus stars dwarf yellow and the sun represent 99% of the mass of the solar system are all scientists estimated age tends four and a half billion years when the presence nebula of gas consisting mostly of Alhedrouhan taken in the positioning and rotation on the same generator power and pressure adequate for the integration of atoms hydrogen announcing the beginning of the birth of the star, and scientists estimate, according to the amount of hydrogen remaining the remaining life of the sun about five billion years, only expand later to become a giant red swallow the orbits of the planet that revolves around him and then begin to decay and contraction to reach the white dwarf, smaller than the current size and then to dwarf black after that, but that these shifts and changes take billions of years from stage to stage, and knows the unseen except Allah, but these assumptions scientifically based on the calculation assumptions and the possibilities of sports not only have these assumptions incorrect or incomplete, may appear Other new theories of change and amend the current theories.


Position of the sun


There is the sun in one of the arms of the Milky Way galaxy, and away from the center of the galaxy about 30 thousand light-years belong the sun to the mobilization of stars is small and open component of 140 star almost spin the sun around the center of the galaxy every 250 million years ago, as the sun's movement, other Maamdh to orbit around the center of the galaxy and shake and do one every 28 million years.


Description of the sun


The estimated mass of the sun at about 1990 trillion trillion tonnes - one trillion is equal to million million - that is 330.000 times the mass of the earth, a force sufficient to create enough gravity to keep the solar system in full, and away from the ground, a distance of 149.600 kilometers (93 million miles) away from the nearest star with a distance of 4.3 years, illuminated.


Of the temperature of the sun in its 14 million degrees Celsius on the surface of around 5,500 degrees Celsius either sunspots are less heat as of 4000 ° C The speed of the solar wind 3 million miles per hour and estimated solar radiation or solar power generated by about 390 billion one billion megawatts, and lose sun radiation around ten million tons of material every second, and lose 600 million tons every second of the interactions of nuclear material in his heart.


Components of the Sun



 Made up the sun like other stars of hydrogen as a major component represents 92% and production of energy through the process of turning hydrogen into helium atom, which represents 7.8% of the remaining components of the sun and other elements such as oxygen, which represents 0.06%, carbon, sulfur and nitrogen.


Layers of the sun



 Made up the sun in several layers, the center of the sun, a core component of the compressed gas - equivalent to the pressure inside the center 340 billion times atmospheric pressure at sea level in the ground - in the case called the case plasma (the other cases of solid, liquid, gas) - and the plasma state is simply situation where the molecule article has been subjected to heat and pressure of huge and starts the electron to escape from the nucleus then the plasma state - this place (the kernel) is the source of energy production that takes its way around the outside and pass through the layers of the sun as with particles of light (photon) energy to seep into the the upper layers, and in fact, the process of downloading the photon energy and dash outside to take about a million years and there during the operation Chih boiling out of energy.


Solar flares



 A phenomenon that is repeated constantly during the activity cycle is repeated every 11 years, and occur when it increases the magnetic energy and liberated suddenly Vinbos white light blazer a result, it was noted the first time in September 1859 by British astronomer Richard Carrington when he was watching sunspots observed the emergence of white light Baher suddenly appeared, and the explosion of solar-called gas electrically charged quickly three million miles per hour towards the ground, although some of them penetrate the magnetosphere., affecting one of the layers of the atmosphere a layer (the ionosphere); this high-energy particles disturb the situation ionic layer in the ionosphere working to save the Earth's magnetic field which affects the radio communications on Earth, especially as they rely on electromagnetic waves.


Solar wind



 One of the biggest factors that affect the layer (Almagenitusver) magnetism of the land in the upper atmosphere, including in respect of free electrons is negative, and the nuclei of atoms of hydrogen and helium, which contains the protons positive, and pushes the solar wind is usually a speed of 320 kilometers per second, but could rise to more of 800 kilometers per second at the peak of solar activity, particularly in the event of explosions, and the demolition of the sun's magnetic field every thousand years, and the earth's magnetic field changed 176 times since its inception since 4550 million years and so far, no one knows how this happens.


Sunspots


Is the disturbed areas and dark areas exist on the surface of the sun caused by the concentration of magnetic fields is flat. Be colder than the areas around it, making it less fainter surrounding areas and appear in the form of a spot a round or oval in its dark and relatively be filled with magnetic card can be launched volcano, grow spots and expand, and take that from week to two weeks and take about two weeks more to fade .