The natural hazards of natural disasters if they caused the eradication of human life and livelihoods.
And losses caused by natural disasters, whether human or material, a major obstacle in the way of sustainable development. It can protect life and property through the issuance of accurate forecasts and warnings in the form of easy to understand, as well as through public education how to prepare for the risks before they become disasters.
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The Organization (WMO) to standardize and coordinate the activities of disaster risk reduction with international organizations and regional and national organizations, and coordinate the efforts of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) in order to reduce loss of life and property through improved services, forecasting and early warning and risk assessment , as well as to raise public awareness.
The focus is in the process of disaster risk reduction that: one dollar invested in disaster preparedness can prevent the occurrence of disaster-related economic losses of seven dollars - a considerable return on investment.
The aim of the Organization (WMO) to reduce the average number of deaths that occurred because of natural disasters related to weather, climate and water in the ten years elapsed between 1994 and 2003 by 50 per cent by 2019. Natural hazards occur on time scales and spatial different, each unique in nature. Tornadoes and flash floods are of short duration, but a violent impact on relatively small areas. Otherwise, the Drought, for example slowly, but can affect most parts of the continent and the entire population for months or even years.
It can involve the phenomenon of extreme weather on the dangers of many at the same time, or involve multiple hazards quick succession. And can lead tropical storms, as well as strong winds and heavy rains cause floods and mudslides. In temperate latitudes, it can be severe weather in the summer (thunder and lightning storms or tornadoes), accompanied by heavy hail and flash floods.
May also contribute to winter storms with high winds and heavy snow or freezing rain to avalanches on some mountain slopes and in a runoff and flooding later in the melt season.
It is the responsibility of certain facilities of national Meteorological and Hydrological Services and specialized centers responsible explore geophysical hazards, including volcanic eruptions (ash transported by air), tsunamis and hazardous materials airborne (radionuclides, biological and chemical substances) and acute urban pollution.
Drought
Primary cause of any drought is the lack of rainfall. Drought is different from other dangers, it develops slowly, sometimes over the years, and can be masked by the start behind a number of factors. Drought can be devastating: the depletion of water sources, and stop the growth of crops, and animal mortality, malnutrition, ill health, things that become widespread.
Tropical Cyclone
FAO (WMO) to assist its members in order to create coordinated systems at the national and regional levels to ensure the maximum degree of reduction of loss of life caused by tropical cyclones and property. Tropical cyclones are in areas of low pressure over the water is very tropical and sub-tropical, so the strong winds and thunderstorms circular and up to hundreds of kilometers. The surface wind speeds of up to 200 miles per hour or more.
And can result in the association between the wind-driven waves and low atmospheric pressure to a tropical storm to a coastal storm surge - that a large amount of water driven ashore at great speed and tremendous power that can wash away everything in its path. In Bangladesh, behind the massive storm surge occurred in the coastal wetlands 0.300000 deaths in 1970.
The composition of about 80 tropical storms per year. Depends naming tropical storms on where they form: typhoons in the western North Pacific and South China Sea; hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico and north-eastern and central Pacific Ocean; and tropical cyclones in the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific. The program provides tropical cyclone of the Organization (WMO) information on these hazards, it also provides Severe Weather Information Centre of the Organization (WMO) reports on tropical cyclones in real time.
Air pollution
Pollutants include particulate matter and harmful gases from industries, vehicles and human activities. And the resulting smoke and haze from burning forests or prairies, or cutting and burning of forests, crops or purification, or ash from volcanic eruptions in the stable air conditions. Smoke, haze and pollution have adverse effects on human health - local population may have to wear gas masks - as they obscure vision, and may cause disruption of air traffic and traffic. And also cause air pollution in the smog and acid rain, the ozone hole and increasing the negative effects of global warming. Often lead to unstable weather conditions concentrate the contaminants. The UNEP and Atmospheric Research Organization's (WMO) manages the global surveillance of the atmosphere that collects observations of atmospheric pollutants.
Desert Locust
Desert Locusts cause damage to Africa and the Middle East, Asia and southern Europe. When weather and ecological conditions favor breeding, insects have to resort to small areas, then stop the insects from work individually and begin work in groups.
In a few months, huge swarms form and fly downwind in search of food.
Can be the length of locusts tens of kilometers, and can go a distance of up to 200 kilometers a day. The small part of an average swarm (or about one tonne of locusts) of food in one day, eats the same amount ten elephants or 25 camels or 2,500 people.
And cause locust swarms in exposing the lives of millions of farmers and pastoralists in the fragile environments as a basis for risk. The Locust plagues occur during droughts or soon thereafter in an even greater catastrophe, as happened in a number of countries of the Sahel in 2005. There is the facility of the global information of agrometeorological (WAMIS), a website sponsored by the organization (WMO), Locust Weather page dedicated to weather-related information to Desert Locust monitoring and control.
Floods and flash floods
Flooding may occur anywhere after the fall rains. All flood plains particularly vulnerable and can cause storm surges in the incidence of flash floods anywhere in the world.
It can also flash floods occur after a period of drought when heavy rain falls on dry, hard ground the water can not penetrate. And floods occur in various forms, from flash floods to small sheets of water covered large areas of land.
And can cause a flood of severe thunderstorms and tornadoes, and hurricanes, typhoons and cyclones outside the tropics (and can result in the phenomenon of El Niño exacerbate many of these hurricanes), monsoons, ice jams, and melting ice.
In coastal areas, can cause storm surges caused by tropical cyclones or tsunamis, or rivers swollen by exceptionally high tides can cause flooding.
And can be overflowing dams when fed by rivers carrying large amounts of melting snow. It can also cause the collapse of dams or the regulatory processes in the surprise flooding. Floods threaten human life and property throughout the world.
The floods have damaged about 1.5 billion people in the last decade of the twentieth century.
Landslides or mudslides (mud flows)
Mudslides and landslides are local and usually unexpected, They occur when heavy rain or rapid melting of ice or snow, or increase the level of crater lake in the transmission of large amounts of soil or rocks or sand or mud to flow from the slopes of the mountain quickly, especially If there are areas of bare or burnt by forest fires or bush. And can reach speed of landslides to more than 50 miles per hour, can also be buried or crushed, or sweeping the people, objects and buildings. Has caused landslides and mud flows in Venezuela in 1999, after two weeks of continuous rain, the collapse of the mountain and crush the city and killed about 15,000 people.
Avalanche
The fall of the avalanche is a large amount of ice or snow in the surprise of mountain slopes, often taking with it parts of the soil, rocks and debris. And avalanches can be very destructive, as it is moving faster than 150 kilometers per hour.
The mobile ice pushes the air in front of an avalanche as the winds of the winds strong enough to cause serious structural damage to buildings, forests and mountain resorts. And thousands of avalanches occur each year and cause the deaths of 500 people on average in different parts of the world.
Dust storms / dust storms
Consist of dust storms and sandstorms from the dust or sand particles which ascend to great heights by strong winds and turbulent. Speaking of dust and sand storms mainly in parts of Africa, Australia, China and the United States of America, which threaten the lives and health, especially of people who miss out on these storms in the open away from shelter. Affected by the means of transport in particular, dust and sand storms because of limited visibility to several meters.
Temperature extremes
Heat waves are the phenomena most deadly in mid-latitude regions, where they concentrate temperatures and extreme humidity for several days during the warm months. And can result in the stifling air masses in the urban environment cause many deaths, especially among young children, the elderly and infirm. In 2003, hit many parts of Western Europe to heat waves during the summer months, causing the deaths of nearly 40,000 people in France and Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. And cause bouts of extreme cold in the lower body temperature in the severity of diseases of the circulatory and respiratory system.
Thunderstorms, lightning and tornadoes
Cause severe thunderstorms in the sudden electrical discharges in the form of lightning and thunder, accompanied by the often heavy rain or hail, strong winds and sometimes snow. And cause hurricanes in some regions of the world in the incidence of tornadoes. Tornadoes are generally in the Great Plains of North America in particular, can occur in any other place but do occur, especially in temperate latitudes. The cause tornadoes in the occurrence of damage, and associated phenomena, including explosions, falling and flash floods. The Lightning is one of the important factors that cause the outbreak of wildfires in forests and pastures during periods of drought in various parts of the world.
Forest fires or wildfires
Break a large and devastating fires during dry periods or after around the world, largely due to lightning or human-induced. Not limited to forest fires and the destruction of wild forests and prairies and crops, but also cause the deaths of livestock and wild animals, and damage settlements and destroy them, and endangering the lives of the population at risk.
Heavy rain, snow and high winds
Heavy rain and snow have a serious impact on particularly vulnerable communities, and can hinder the activities of rescue and rehabilitation after the occurrence of major disasters, as happened after the earthquake that struck Pakistan in October / October 2005.
And cause heavy rains and snow in the severely damaged road and rail infrastructure and communication networks. It can also result in the accumulation of snow on the roofs of buildings to collapse. And high winds have serious implications for aviation, sailing and fishing operations, as well as for tall structures such as towers, masts and cranes. And ice storms are violent storms that combines temperatures below freezing and high winds and blowing snow, and characterized as having serious effects on humans and livestock.
And cause blizzards in the suspension of air traffic and causing significant damage to roads and railways.
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